![]() ![]() ![]() Criterion D (impairment) now requires that functional impairments only need to “ reduce the quality of social, academic or occupational functioning” instead of requiring that they be “clinically significant.” Criterion E (exclusionary conditions) no longer includes Autism Spectrum Disorder as an exclusionary diagnosis. Criterion C (pervasiveness) was changed from evidence of impairment to evidence of symptoms in two or more settings. Criterion B (age of onset) changed from onset of symptoms and impairments before age 7 to onset of symptoms before age 12. Criterion A (ADHD symptoms) are unchanged from DSM-IV except for additional examples of how symptoms may manifest in adolescence and adulthood, and a reduction from six to five in the minimum number of symptoms in either symptom domain required for older adolescents and adults. The DSM-5 revisions include modifications to each of the ADHD diagnostic criteria (A-E), a terminological change in the ADHD subtype nosology, and the addition of two ADHD modifiers. The recent release of DSM-5 is the latest update to ADHD nosology. With the publication of the DSM- IV, the term ADHD was retained along with the introduction of three specific subtypes (predominantly Inattentive, predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combined), defined by the presence of excessive symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The term Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was introduced in DSM-III-R, with the controversial elimination of ADD without Hyperactivity. With the publication of the DSM-III in 1980, the disorder was markedly re-conceptualized with a focus on problems with attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, and was renamed Attention Deficit Disorder (with and without Hyperactivity). In DSM-II, the disorder was termed Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood, which as the name implies focused primarily on symptoms of excessive motor activity. While there were earlier descriptions of children with high levels of activity and impulsivity, what is now called Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) first appeared in the second edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1968. ![]()
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